These works contain the required references for those who wish to investigate it such as the current location of the manuscript which contains the text, its date of composition, its current state of conservation, the story and a brief historical background of the subject. Gardiner (1909) interpreted the events of social chaos and anarchy which appear in this literary text of the Middle Kingdom as a reflection of a concrete historical situation which had happened in the First Intermediate Period according to the similarities that it has with the historical background of that period.Ī series of publications contain the full or partial translation of the Admonitions along with comments and some notes. He was also the first scholar who translated and traduced the papyrus from hieratic to English. The first full comprehensive publication of this text was made by the Egyptologist Sir Alan Gardiner (1909) in the early twentieth century. The order is upset by a social revolution, the rich become poor and the poor rich, foreign people invade Egypt from the delta, nomes are destroyed and wasted and social anarchy is spreading all over the land, while cultural values are broken under the indifferent gaze of society. A man, called Ipuwer, appeared in the court of an unnamed pharaoh and described the chaotic state of Egypt which could probably refer to the memory of the events that had occurred in the First Intermediate Period. The beginning and its end are completely lost (Faulkner 1973: 210), however we can understand the story. Despite the fact that the papyrus is from the New Kingdom, the poem preserved on it is supposed to be from the Middle Kingdom (Parkinson 1991: 60). The Admonitions of Ipuwer is a poem preserved on the recto of a single papyrus (Papyrus Leiden I 344) which belongs to the collection of the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden (National Museum of Antiquities of Leidien) (Enmarch 2005: 1). The Admonitions of Ipuwer The Admonitions of Ipuwer from the Ipuwer Papyrus
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